| Genetic diseases are surely one of the most | | | | consideration a number of factors in order to |
| dangerous factors for human?s health. These | | | | succeed a useful analysis. Diseases like |
| disorders are due to abnormalitites in | | | | diabetes, Alzheimer, arthritis are due to |
| genetic material (also known as genome) of | | | | multi mutations. |
| humans. Genetic diseases are categorized in | | | | |
| four main types according to where does the | | | | 3) Chromosomal Genetic Diseases: This type of |
| disorder happens. | | | | genetic diseases is due to changes in the |
| | | | structure and number of chromosomes. Besides, |
| The four types of Genetic disorders are: | | | | chromosomal disorders can be caused by |
| | | | segments and joins of parts of chromosomes. |
| 1) Single-gene/monogenic Genetic Diseases: In | | | | We all know that chromosomes are big DNA |
| this type of genetic diseases the abnormality | | | | molecules composed from genes. The human |
| happens in one gene. To be more specific, the | | | | genome consists of 23 x 2 chromosomes. It is |
| starting point is a mutation in a single | | | | much easier to observer because, sometimes, a |
| gene. This can lead to production of a | | | | chromosomal genetic disease can be detected |
| defective protein that cannot carry out its | | | | with microscopic examination. The most |
| function. This is what causes the single gene | | | | popular chromosomal disorder is the Down |
| disorder. There are 6000 known single gene | | | | Syndrome, where there is a third copy of |
| diseases, including cystic fibrosis, Aicardi | | | | chromosome 21). In this disorder there is a |
| Syndrome etc. | | | | third copy of chromosome 21. |
| | | | |
| 2) Multifactorial/Polygonic Genetic Diseases: | | | | 4) Mitochondrial Genetic Diseases: These are |
| This category of genetic diseases is much | | | | the rarest genetic diseases. As we know, |
| more complicated. In this case mutations | | | | mitochondrial DNA is a DNA molecule found in |
| happen in many genes. The phenotype (the | | | | mitochondria, which is an organelle necessary |
| symptoms of the disease), in this case, is a | | | | for cellular respiration. It seems that |
| result of mutations combined with a specific | | | | mutations in the mitochondrial DNA can also |
| environment. These disorders are difficult to | | | | cause undesirable disorders. |
| analyze, because scientist should take into | | | | |