| Also known as ascorbic acid, vitamin C is a | | | | Scurvy is one of the best known effects of |
| water-soluble vitamin. Contrary to many other | | | | the C vitamin's deficiency. Symptoms of |
| animals, humans are unable to make their own | | | | scurvy include increased occurrence of |
| in their bodies. Since this is the case we | | | | bruising or bleeding, tooth and hair loss, |
| must have it in our diets. | | | | and pains or swellings in the joints. Fatigue |
| | | | is common with the onset of scurvy, possibly |
| Vitamin C is needed in our diets to allow | | | | resulting from reduced carnitine and |
| collagen synthesis. Collagen is an important | | | | norepinephrine. The simple effect of |
| blood vessel, ligament, tendon and bone | | | | consuming lime or lemon juice is a fast and |
| structural component. The neurotransmitter | | | | effective relief method. |
| 'norepinephrine' is able to be synthesized in | | | | |
| the presence of this vitamin. | | | | Higher daily levels than the RDA states are |
| Neurotransmitters are vital for proper brain | | | | deemed to be needed to stave off long-term C |
| functioning and are known to also affect | | | | vitamin deficiency-associated chronic |
| mood. Vitamin C consumption also makes | | | | diseases. |
| carnitine (essential for transporting fat to | | | | |
| mitochondria in the body's cells) synthesis | | | | Cardiovascular diseases of coronary heart |
| possible. Once in the mitochondria fat is | | | | disease and strokes may develop over time if |
| converted to energy as required. Current | | | | not enough vitamin C is consumed. A whole |
| research into this vitamin suggests it may | | | | host of cancers have been reported as less |
| aid cholesterol's metabolism to bile acids, | | | | likely if sufficient quantities of this |
| important for controlling levels of blood | | | | vitamin, in the form of fresh fruit and |
| cholesterol and the likelihood of gallstone | | | | vegetables, are consumed. Similarly, |
| formation in the kidneys. | | | | cataracts, a common form of visual impairment |
| | | | throughout the world, are less likely with |
| Highly effective as an antioxidant, this | | | | sufficient vitamin C intake. Although not yet |
| vitamin, even when consumed in tiny | | | | fully understood, lowered intestinal |
| quantities, can shield important molecules | | | | absorption or heightened excretion of lead in |
| like proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and | | | | our urine may be promoted by this vitamin. |
| nucleic acids (which make up DNA and RNA) | | | | The vitamin is well known to aid the |
| from the damaging effects of free radicals | | | | prevention of pathogens, like the common |
| and reactive oxygen species which tend to | | | | cold, taking a hold. |
| occur in the presence of toxins, pollution or | | | | |
| just as a byproduct of regular metabolism. | | | | Superb sources of ascorbic acid are citrus |
| There is the possibility that vitamin C has | | | | fruits like grapefruits, oranges and lemons. |
| the capacity for other antioxidant | | | | Strawberries, tomatos, broccoli, potatoes and |
| regeneration. | | | | sweet red peppers. Many foods exist today |
| | | | that with chemical vitamin C preservers in |
| When not consumed in healthy quantities this | | | | place to keep this highly labile vitamin from |
| particular vitamin's deficiency leads to | | | | being quickly degraded. |
| various health issues. | | | | |
| | | | In the very rare instance of C vitamin |
| The U.S. recommended daily allowance (RDA) | | | | overdose (greater than 10mg/ day/ adult) |
| for vitamin C is 60mg, for both men and | | | | potential (as yet largely scientifically |
| women. Smokers are advised to increase their | | | | unproven) toxic effects are birth defects, |
| intake by 35mg/ day due to smoke increasing | | | | cancer, kidney stones, atherosclerosis, |
| the oxidation of vitamin C therefore lowering | | | | rebound scurvy, excess iron absorption and |
| the blood vitamin C level. | | | | oxidative stress, genetic mutation, vitamin |
| | | | B-12 deficiency and dental enamel erosion. |