Metabolic Syndrome: What it is, What to do About It

It's estimated that one in three Americans suffersclose to twice the risk of having a heart attack and
from a condition that Steven Nissen, M.D., athree times the risk of developing heart disease as
cardiologist at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, hasthose with no factors.
dubbed the "disease of the new millennium."Factors That Increase Your Risk
Metabolic syndrome, as it's more commonly known, isThere are several factors that raise the risk of
actually a name used to describe a group ofmetabolic syndrome.
symptoms, or "metabolic risk factors." TheseAge: Forty percent of people in their 60s have
symptoms increase the risk of a number of diseases,metabolic syndrome, compared to under 10 percent
including:in their 20s. However, while the risk of metabolic
Coronary heart diseasesyndrome does increase with age, younger people
Strokecan be affected. One study found, according to the
Type 2 diabetesMayo Clinic, that one in eight schoolchildren already
Breast cancerhave three or more components of the disease.
InfertilityRace: Hispanics and Asians have a greater risk than
In all, it's thought that over 50 million Americans haveother races.
it, but the syndrome (also known as syndrome X andObesity: Having a body mass index (BMI) over 25
insulin resistance syndrome) often goes undetected.increases the risk, as does abdominal fat (an "apple"
Symptoms of Metabolic Syndromebody shape).
Having any one of the following conditions increasesHistory of diabetes: A family history of type 2
your health risks; the more conditions you have, thediabetes or gestational diabetes (diabetes during
greater your risk. The National Institutes of Healthpregnancy) increases the risk.
says that metabolic syndrome begins with three orOther diseases: Diseases including high blood pressure,
more of the following symptoms:heart disease or polycystic ovary syndrome increase
A waist circumference greater than 35 inches inthe risk.
women and 40 inches in menWhat to do if You Have Metabolic Syndrome
An HDL (good) cholesterol level lower than 50 inExperts recommend aggressive lifestyle changes
women and 40 in menwhen it comes to metabolic syndrome. The three
Blood pressure of 130 over 80 or greaterkey changes are:
Fasting blood sugar between 110 and 126Exercising for 30-60 minutes a day, at a moderate
- Triglycerides (a form of fat in the bloodstream)intensity level.
over 150Losing weight. Even losing just 5 percent to 10
"Each of the five elements that make up metabolicpercent of your body weight reduces insulin levels,
syndrome increases your risk of heart disease andblood pressure and your risk of diabetes, according
stroke," says Daniel Einhorn, M.D., medical director ofto the Mayo Clinic.
the Scripps Whittier Institute for Diabetes in La Jolla,- Quitting smoking, if you do. Smoking increases insulin
California. "But the combination of the five makesresistance and worsens metabolic syndrome.
your risks especially high."How to Prevent Metabolic Syndrome
Underlying Cause of Metabolic SyndromeThe keys to preventing metabolic syndrome are the
It's thought that insulin resistance is what's behindsame as those for preventing many other types of
metabolic syndrome. The food you eat normally getsdisease:
broken down into sugar (glucose), which enters your- Eat a healthy diet, which focuses on fruits and
cells for fuel. Insulin is made by your pancreas to helpvegetables and lean meats. Fiber-rich foods can also
the glucose enter cells.help reduce insulin levels.
However, if you are insulin resistant, your cells don'tIn fact, one Harvard Medical School study found that
respond to the insulin, and, as a result, your bodypeople with high-fiber diets had a much lower risk of
keeps making more and more of it. The end result isdeveloping metabolic syndrome.
an increased level of both insulin and glucose in theEating healthy also means avoiding processed foods,
blood. Although in metabolic syndrome the levels mayfried foods and excess sweets, and experimenting
not be high enough to qualify as diabetes, they stillwith healthy herbs and spices.
interfere with your body's normal functions by:Exercise, about 30-60 minutes, most days of the
Raising your levels of triglycerides and other bloodweek.
fatsMonitor your health. Check your blood sugar, blood
Increasing your blood pressurepressure and cholesterol levels on a regular basis. If
- Increasing your risk of heart disease, stroke,they are no longer in the healthy ranges, make
diabetes and moreadditional positive changes to your diet and activity
According to the Mayo Clinic, one study found thatlevel.
men with three factors of metabolic syndrome had